| Canvey Island | |
Canvey Island and the surrounding environment |
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Aerial view from the south east of Canvey Island |
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Canvey Island
Canvey Island shown within Essex |
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| Population | 37,479 |
|---|---|
| - Density | 2,031 /km2 (5,260 /sq mi) |
| OS grid reference | TQ789829 |
| District | Castle Point |
| Shire county | Essex |
| Region | East |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | CANVEY ISLAND |
| Postcode district | SS8 |
| Dialling code | 01268 |
| 01374 | |
| Police | Essex |
| Fire | Essex |
| Ambulance | East of England |
| EU Parliament | East of England |
| UK Parliament | Castle Point |
| Website | www.canveyisland-tc.gov.uk |
| List of places: UK • England • Essex | |
Canvey Island (area 18.45 km² - 7.12 mi²; pop. 37,479[1]) is a civil parish and reclaimed island in the Thames estuary in England. It is separated from the mainland of south Essex by a network of creeks. Lying only just above sea level it is prone to flooding at exceptional tides, but has nevertheless been inhabited since the Roman invasion of Britain.
The island was mainly agricultural land until the 20th century when it became the fastest growing seaside resort in Britain between 1911-1951. The North Sea flood of 1953 devastated the island costing the lives of 58 islanders, and led to the temporary evacuation of the 13,000 residents.[2] Canvey is consequently protected by modern sea defences comprising 15 miles (24 km) of concrete seawall.[3]
Canvey is also notable for its relationship to the petrochemical industry. The island was the site of the first delivery in the world of liquefied natural gas by container ship, and later became the subject of an influential assessment on the risks to a population living within the vicinity of petrochemical shipping and storage facilities.
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In 1607 the Elizabethan antiquarian William Camden noted in his work "Brittania" (a topographical and historical survey of all of Great Britain and Ireland) that Canvey Island (which he called Island Convennon) was documented in the 2nd century by the Alexandrian geographer Ptolemy.[4] In his work Geographia Ptolemy mentions a headland in the mouth of the Thames to the east of the Trinovantes region called Counus Island. However, the difficulties faced in exacting the location of land areas in Ptolemy's ancient work has led modern researchers to question the correlation between Ptolemy's island and contemporary Canvey. It is argued that the Counus Island would have existed much further out to sea (or even likely to be the Isle of Sheppey[5]), and that the similarity between the names is mere coincidence. Without any suitable island matching Ptolemy's Counus Island, it is also thought that the documented island has been lost or reduced to an insignificant sandbank by subsidence and the constant effects of the sea since Ptolemy's time.[6][7]
Mentioned on John Norden's 1594 insert above, is what is now the Eastern/Point mud flats of Canvey Island. Two Tree Island is in pretty much the same shape now as then. The third un-named Island could well be Counus or (Council Island). Certainly the Trinovantes, Cantiaci and the Catuvellauni would have counseled with the Iceni here, shortly before the rebellion against the Romans. Counus remains as the Canvey Point Sand Bank and Maplin Sands, and stretched the whole length of Southend Sea Front area. It is the main reason for Southend's Tidal flats being so shallow. Cana's People were descendants of both Cantiaci and the Catuvellauni. Counus would then be placed at the southern border of the Trinovantes on the Eastern Extent of The Tames (Thames).
Excavations on Canvey have unearthed a collection of early man-made objects comprising axes from the Neolithic era,[7] a bracelet dating from the Bronze Age,[8] and early Celtic gritted ware pottery.[7] However, the remains of Roman structures and objects suggests the first settlement of Canvey occurred between 50–250 AD.[6][7] The remains point to a community existing with a farmstead, a garrison, a burial ground, and the operation of a large salt-making industry (revealed by the existence of several Red hills).[7][9] The discovery of a Roman road found to terminate 100 metres across the creek in neighbouring Benfleet suggests a means may have existed to facilitate the salt's distribution to Chelmsford and Colchester,[7] and the recovery of rich items of pottery and glassware of a variety only matched elsewhere by excavations of port facilities suggests the Romans may also have exploited Canvey's location in the Thames for shipping.[7][10]
The settlement and agricultural development of Essex by the Saxons from the 5th century saw the introduction of sheep-farming which would dominate the island's industry until the 20th century. The Norman conquest saw the area of Canvey recorded in the domesday book as a sheep farming pasture under the control of nine villages and parishes situated in a belt across south inland and coastal Essex.[11] Apart from the meat and wool produced from the sheep, the milk from the ewes was used for cheese-making.[8] The abundance in later centuries would see the cheeses become a commodity taken for sale at the London markets, and at one stage exported via Calais to the continent.[7] The existence of several place names on modern Canvey using the wick suffix (denoting the sheds in which the cheese was made) shows the influence of the early Saxon culture. The island itself has its name derived from the Anglo-Saxon Caningaege; meaning The Island of Cana's People.[7] The developments of the English language would lead to the more familiar name of Caneveye written in manorial records of 1254.[12] The period of development often produced a confused use of letters[13] such that comparative spellings would also include Canefe, Kaneweye, Kaneveye, and Koneveye. By the 12th century, Essex and subsequently Canvey were in the possession of Henry de Essex who inherited the land from his grandfather, Swein, son of Robert fitz Wymarch.[14] During the reign of Henry II (1154–1189) the land was confiscated from de Essex and redistributed among the King's favoured nobles.[14]
During Edward II's reign (1307–1327) the land was under the possession of John de Apeton[8] and the first attempts were made at managing the effects of the sea with rudimentary defences,[7][8] but periodical flooding continued to blight the small population of mostly shepherds and their fat-tailed variety of sheep for a further 300 years. William Camden wrote of the island in 1607 that it was so low that it was often quite flooded, except the hills, upon which the sheep have a place of safe refuge.[4] The uniform flatness of Canvey suggests that these hills are likely to be the red hills of the Roman salt making industry, or the early makeshift sea defences constructed by some of the landowners around their farms.
In 1622, Sir Henry Appleton (a descendant of John de Apeton), and Canvey's other landowners[16] instigated a project to reclaim the land and wall the island from the Thames. The scheme was managed by an acquaintance of Appleton's - Joas Croppenburg, a Dutch Haberdasher of Cheapside in London. An agreement was reached in 1623 which stipulated that in return for inning and recovering the island, the landowners would grant a third of the land as payment for the work.[8] A relation of Croppenburg's; the Dutch engineer Cornelius Vermuyden present in England at the time of the project on a commission to drain the Fens and involved in repairing the seawall at Dagenham has led to speculation that Vermuyden oversaw the project, but proof appears to be vague,[7] nevertheless the work was completed by around 300 Dutch skilled in the construction of dykes and other sea defences. The engineers successfully reclaimed 3,600 acres (15 km2)[7] by walling the island with local chalk, limestone and the heavy clay of the marshes, with the main length along the Thames faced with kentish ragstone.[6][7] A broad drainage ditch was dug inland off the area facing the river while smaller inlets were filled in. Excess water would have collected in the broad ditch and then been discharged into the river by the means of seven sluices (later known as Commissioners Dykes).[6] The completion of the work saw a considerable number of the Dutch engineers take land as payment for their work, and consequently settle on the island.[14] Approximately one-third of Canvey's streets have names of Dutch origin.
The coast of Canvey Island was host to the Chapman Lighthouse as briefly described in Joseph Conrad's novel Heart of Darkness.[17] It is believed that the peril of the mudflats below such shallow waters off the Canvey Island coast prompted the Romans to devise some form of beacon as a warning in the area. In 1851 a hexagonal lighthouse was constructed by the engineer James Walker, a consultant lighthouse engineer at Trinity House at the time. This all-iron lighthouse replaced a lightship which had been moored in the area for the preceding four years. The lighthouse was demolished in 1957 due to its poor condition.
During the Victorian era Canvey was a very fashionable place to visit and many thought its air to have healing properties. Canvey Island benefited from this and thousands of people flocked to it especially from places like London. A seafront was subsequently developed in the 1930s. Amusements, a cinema, the pioneering Labworth Cafe, and nightclubs such as the Goldmine and Monico were built. Canvey Island remained a popular holiday and weekend destination until the advent of the cheap foreign package holiday became popular in the 1970s. A new synthetic Ice Rink is due to open in 2012 at Leisure Island Fun park.
During the Second World War the island was a part of the GHQ Line, a line of concrete pillboxes constructed as a part of the defence against the expected German invasion. Some of the old pillboxes are still in place. Also, concrete barges were used extensively just off the south coast of the island, partly to act as a sea-barrier and also as a mounting point for anti-aircraft guns; one of which was beached on the east end of the island and remained for many years as a point of interest for visitors and a play area for many generations of the island's children. It has since been demolished by the Island yacht club as it was considered 'a risk to health and safety'.
Along with the Coalhouse Fort at nearby East Tilbury, Thorney bay on the southern coast of the island was the site of a degaussing station built to monitor the effectiveness of the degaussing equipment functioning on board the allied ships passing along the Thames. The structure is the last intact degaussing station on the north side of the river, and was still operating in 1974. Known as the Canvey loop, the building was occupied by the Women's Royal Naval Service and used for monitoring merchant ships.[18][19]
On 31 January 1953, the North Sea Flood hit the island during the night and caused the deaths of 58 people. Many of the victims were in the holiday bungalows of the eastern Newlands estate and perished as the water reached ceiling level. The small village area of the island is approximately two feet above sea level and consequently escaped the effects of the flood. This included the local Red Cow pub which was later renamed the King Canute in reference to the legend of the 11th century Danish king of England commanding the tide to halt with the sea lapping at his feet.
After the flood of 1953, a new seawall was built, which was then replaced with a significantly larger construction in the 1980s.
The southern area of the Canvey Island West ward at Hole Haven has predominantly existed as petrochemical site since the first construction of an oil terminal there in 1936.[20] In 1959, as part of a pioneering Anglo-American project designed to asses the viability of transporting liquefied natural gas overseas, a gas terminal with two one thousand tonne capacity storage tanks was constructed at the site alongside the oil terminal. The gas terminal built by the British Gas Council was designed to store and distribute imported gas to the whole of Britain via the facilities at Thames Haven and the local refinery at Shellhaven in Coryton. The first delivery of 2020 tonnes arrived on 20 February 1959 from Lake Charles, Louisiana by a specially modified liberty ship Normarti renamed The Methane Pioneer. The success of seven further deliveries over the following 14 months[21] established the international industry for transporting liquefied natural gas by sea,[22] but the discovery of oil and gas in North sea limited further British development.
Planning permission was granted in the following years for Occidental Petroleum and the Italian oil company, United Refineries Ltd to develop a site further west for the construction of an oil refinery, but a report in 1975 by the Health and safety executive concluded that the residents of the island faced an unacceptable risk, which led to the permission being revoked. The issue of risk was again highlighted in an attack by the Provisional Irish Republican Army in January 1979 on a storage tank at the island's Texaco oil terminal. A bomb was detonated at a tank containing aviation fuel, but failed to ignite with the fuel escaping into a safety moat.[23][24] The Occidental site was abandoned in 1975 leaving a half-built oil refinery, storage tanks, and an unused mile long jetty which cost around £10 million of the approximate total of £60 million spent on the project.[25] However, in the following years the disused and undisturbed site flourished as a haven for wildlife, and in 2003, the final storage tanks were removed in a clean-up operation, and the site was renamed as Canvey Wick and opened as a nature reserve.
In September 1997, the celebrity steeplejack Fred Dibnah was hired by Safeway supermarkets to demolish the unused 450-foot (140 m) concrete chimney that was part of the abandoned oil refinery. Safeways had planned for the 2,500-ton chimney to be demolished on 18 September in front of a large crowd of invited guests. This would have been the first time Fred Dibnah's demolition technique of pit props and fire (without explosives) had been attempted on a concrete chimney and it was also the tallest chimney he had ever attempted to fell. However the chimney unexpectedly collapsed the previous day whilst Fred and his team were making the final preparations for the controlled demolition, fortunately without injury. The incident is described in detail in various biographies and by Fred himself in his public speaking events afterwards. Fred Dibnah later presented Safeway head office staff with brass paper weights (made from material salvaged from the chimney) stamped "The Great Canvey Island Chimney Disaster 1997".[26]
Canvey Island was an influential destination in the 1970s for artists of the Pub rock genre of music[27] such as Graham Parker, Elvis Costello,[28] Eddie and the Hot Rods, Nick Lowe,[29] and The Kursaal Flyers, while also being home to "Canvey Island’s finest" band Dr. Feelgood.[30] Although Canvey Island may now be considered unpleasant by its younger generation of internationally known musicians such as Joshua Third (guitarist of The Horrors),[31] the island continues to be a source of inspiration for artists such as British Sea Power who included a song entitled "Canvey Island" on their 2008 album Do You Like Rock Music?
Canvey Island lies off the south coast of Essex 30 miles (48 km) east of London, and 15 miles (24 km) west of Southend-on-sea. The island is separated from the mainland to the north and west by Benfleet, East Haven and Vange creeks, and faces the Thames Estuary to the east and south. Along with neighbouring Two Tree Island, Lower Horse, and Upper Horse, Canvey is an alluvial island formed in the holocene period from the silt in the River Thames and material entering the estuary on the tides of the North Sea from the coast of Norfolk.[32][33] An unsuccessful search for coal beneath the island in 1953 revealed that the alluvium rests upon layers of London Clay, Lower London Tertiaries, Chalk, Lower Greensand and Gault Clay, with the basement rocks at a depth of 400m consisting of hard Old Red Sandstone of Devonian age.[32][34]
The island is extremely flat, lies 3m below the mean high water level and consequently has a propensity for flooding. Before reclamation, the surrounding area contained a number of islands separated by tidal creeks.[35] Flood defences have been constructed since the Middle Ages, and the first seawall to completely surround the land was built as part of the island's reclamation in 1622.[36] The island suffered extensive flooding in 1731, 1736, 1791, 1881, 1897, and substantial loss of life in the North Sea Flood of 1953.[37] As of 2008, the flood defences consist of a concrete seawall, flood sirens and an internal surface storm water drainage system. The seawall was completed in 1982 and is 15 miles (24 km) long and surrounds 75% of the island's perimeter terminating with flood barriers spanning Benfleet Creek to the north and East Haven Creek in the west. The drainage system consists of sewers, culverts, natural and artificial dykes and lakes which feed seven pumping stations and gravity sluices that discharge the water into the Thames and creeks. Four of the discharge sites are "high flow" stations capable of discharging 600 litres of water per second at any tide level. The levels within the system are managed by a further five "Low flow" pumping stations.[3] The Environment Agency's Thames Estuary 2100 flood defence plan includes Canvey Island as one site for alleviating the flood risks to London and the Thames estuary area. It is proposed that the western side of Canvey is developed as a site which is either temporarily flooded at times of risk, or is transformed into a permanent wetlands.[38][39]
Developments in the 20th century have produced a marked contrast between the environments in the east and west of the island. The eastern half of the island is allocated to residential areas, the main public amenities, and a small holiday camp and seafront, while the western half of the island is mainly farmland, marshes, and industrial areas. The marshes in the west include the 30 hectares known as West Canvey marshes acquired by the RSPB in 2007,[40] and the Canvey Wick nature reserve. "Canvey Wick" is a designated Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) at the site of the abandoned and incomplete oil refinery. Because the foundations of the 100-hectare site were prepared in the 1970s by laying thousands of tonnes of silt dredged from the Thames; the abandoned and undisturbed area has flourished as a haven for around 1,300 species of wildlife, many of which are endangered or were thought to be extinct; including the shrill carder bee, the emerald damselfly and the weevil hunting wasp. It has been said that the site may exist with one of the highest levels of biodiversity in western Europe.[41][42] Other areas of natural interest include the eight hectares of Canvey Lake Local Nature Reserve owned by Castle Point Borough Council. The lake existed as a means to facilitate the salt-making process during the Roman settlement of the island, and is also thought to have functioned as an oyster bed.[43] At the eastern point of the island is the 36-acre (150,000 m2) Canvey Heights Country Park which was reclaimed from the Newlands landfill site that operated there between 1954-89. The park is the highest land elevation on the island and subsequently provides wide views across the creeks, marshes and along the Thames. The environment supports an array of wildfowl such as skylarks, dark-bellied brent geese, and grey plover.[44]
Canvey Island was established as a separate civil and ecclesiastical parish in 1881. The formation replaced the 17 divisions of the land held since the Norman era by the neighbouring parishes of North Benfleet, South Benfleet, Bowers Gifford, Prittlewell, Southchurch, Hadleigh, Laindon, Pitsea, and Vange.[33] In 1926, the parish was converted to the Canvey Island Urban District, then dissolved along with the Benfleet Urban District in the Local Government Act 1972 to form the parliamentary constituency and local government district and borough of Castle Point.[33] Since the 2010 General Election, the Member of Parliament representing the parliamentary constituency of Castle Point has been Rebecca Harris of the Conservative Party.
Canvey holds two seats on Essex County Council. As of 2009, the seat of Canvey Island West is represented by Ray Howard of the Conservative Party, while Canvey Island East is taken by Brian Wood of the Canvey Independent Party.[45]
| Affiliation | Councillors | |
| Canvey Island Independent Party (CIIP) | 16 | |
| Conservative Party | 1 | |
| Labour Party | 0 | |
| Liberal Democrats | 0 | |
Canvey is represented within Castle Point Borough Council by 17 councillors elected from six wards: Canvey Island Central, East, North, South, West, and Winter Gardens. The political affiliation of Canvey councillors within the council is almost exclusively led by the Canvey Island Independent Party (CIIP) formed in 2003 by ex-Labour deputy Council leader and local resident Dave Blackwell. 16 of the available 17 seats are taken by the CIIP with only one held by a member of the Conservative Party.[46]
The Canvey Island town council was formed in 2007 after a petition spearheaded by Islander, Albert Payne, containing the signatures of 3,000 islanders was accepted by the government.[47] As of 2008, the council is represented by 11 councillors, 10 of whom are Canvey Island Independent members , and functions with Councillor surgeries, and through four committees - Community Relations, Environment and Open Spaces, Planning and Policy, and Finance. The surgeries are held at the town council offices, while the committees meet at various venues every fortnight.[48]
The population of Canvey has increased significantly in the last 100 years, mainly due to the island's popularity as a residential holiday resort during the first half of the 20th century, but also due to the London overspill plans and the introduction of council estates for 100 families from the Dagenham and Walthamstow boroughs in 1959.[49]
| Year | 1851 | 1887 | 1901 | 1911 | 1921 | 1931 | 1939 | 1951 | 1961 | 1971 | 2001 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 69[33] | 282[50] | 307[37] | 583[33] | 1,795[20] | 3,532[51] | 6,248[51] | 11,258[51] | 15,605[51] | 26,608[51] | 37,479[52] |
| Canvey Island Compared | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 UK census | Canvey Island | Castle Point | England |
| Total population | 37,479 | 86,608 | 49,138,831 |
| Foreign born | 4.2% | 4.6% | 9.2% |
| White | 98% | 97% | 91% |
| Asian | 0.6% | 0.7% | 4.6% |
| Black | 0.2% | 0.2% | 2.3% |
| Christian | 74% | 75% | 72% |
| Muslim | 0.2% | 0.3% | 3.1% |
| Hindu | 0.1% | 0.2% | 1.1% |
| No religion | 16% | 15% | 15% |
| Over 65 years old | 15% | 17% | 16% |
| Unemployed | 2.2% | 2.4% | 3.3% |
As of the 2001 UK census, the population of Canvey was 37,479 of which 87.9% of people were living within the five wards of the eastern area of the island at a population density of 38 persons per hectare, while the population density within the west ward - covering a larger area of the island - was 4.6 persons per hectare.
There were 15,312 dwellings on Canvey of which 98.7% were households. 42.4% were occupied by married couples, 13.9% of households contained three or more adults and no children, 26% were one person households, and 8.1% were occupied by co-habiting couples. Canvey had a higher proportion at 35.2% of households owning their properties outright compared with the average of 29.2% for England, but had a lower proportion when compared to the average for Castle Point at 39.9%.
There was a higher proportion of female residents than male by 0.03%. The median age of the population was 40 years, and 23% were under 18, while 15% of residents were over 65.
The island has a high proportion of white people compared to national figures; the ethnicity recorded was 98.2% white compared with 91% for England. 0.6% of the population of Canvey were of a mixed ethnic group, while 0.6% were Asian, 0.2% Black, and 0.2% Chinese.
4.2% of the population were foreign born, with 1.7% of residents born in another constituent country of the UK. 2.5% of the population were born outside the UK; and 1.2% of residents born outside Europe.
Religion was recorded as 74% Christian, 0.2% Muslim, 0.1% Jewish, 0.1% Hindu, while 16% of islanders had no religion.
The proportion of unemployed persons on Canvey was lower at 2.2% than for Castle Point at 2.4%, and England at 3.3%.[1]
The Lobster Smack Public House at the south west corner of the island is a grade II listed building dated to the 17th century. The pub was known to Charles Dickens who mentioned it in Great Expectations.[53] Alongside the pub is a row of wooden Coast guard cottages that date from the late 19th century which are also of grade II listed status.[54][55]
Landmarks from the era of Canvey's development as a seaside resort in the 20th century include the International style Labworth Café built 1932-33 and designed by Ove Arup. The building fell into a state of disrepair in the 1970s and 80s but was renovated in 1996 and now functions as both a beach bistro and restaurant.
Opened in 1979, the Heritage Centre along Canvey Road is housed in the former St. Katherine’s Church, which was built in 1874. Originally timber-framed, the church was rendered over in the 1930’s to give it its present appearance; it closed as a place of worship in 1962. It now contains an art and craft centre with a small folk museum.
Canvey Island is connected to the mainland in the north west by two roads with bridges; the A130 (Canvey Way), and the B1014 (Canvey Road). Built in 1972, the A130 (Canvey Way) crosses East Haven Creek to Bowers Gifford and joins the London-Southend A13. The two lanes of the A130 are currently the island's primary access route with 25,000 vehicles using the road and bridge per day.[56] The B1014 and Canvey Road Bridge (or Canvey Bridge) crosses Benfleet Creek to South Benfleet, and provides access to the c2c London (Fenchurch Street) to Shoeburyness line via Benfleet railway station. The Canvey Road Bridge was built in 1973, and replaced the island's first bridge to the mainland, which dated from 1931. The 91 metres (299 ft) Colvin Bridge - named after the Lord Lieutenant of Essex, Brigadier-General R.B. Colvin,[57] - operated with a sliding 18 m (59 ft) central section that retracted for boats passing along Benfleet Creek.[33] Prior to the Colvin Bridge's construction, crossing the creek was achieved by either rowing-boat ferry, or by a gravel causeway or stepping-stones at low tides.[37]
Bus services have been running on Canvey since 1906.[37] From 1934, the services ran from the island's local bus depot at Leigh Beck. The depot closed in 1978, but the building re-opened a year later as the Castle Point Transport Museum. The museum currently houses a collection of buses, commercial, military and emergency vehicles, and general items related to public road transport.[58] Organised by volunteers, the museum's annual show and open days coincide with a classic vehicle cruise that convenes at the car parks of the seafront.[59]
The current bus services on the island are operated by First Essex from the Hadleigh bus depot, and Regal Busways based in Chelmsford. First Essex is the main operator providing the island's internal services via the town centre, and provide services to places such as Southend, Basildon, and Bournes Green.[60] Regal Busways began services on the island in May 2006, and operates the primary (1 and 1A) service to Chelmsford, and services via South Benfleet, Battlesbridge, Howe Green and Sandon and occasionally beyond Chelmsford to Writtle. Both bus companies provide services to Benfleet railway station.
| Location | Essex |
|---|---|
| Proposer | Essex County Council |
| Status | Under Construction |
| cost estimate | £12.1 million |
| start date | May 2010 |
| completion date | Spring 2011 |
To accommodate the proposed regeneration of Canvey Island a road extension has been proposed, the extension has an estimated cost of £12.1 million and is due to be completed in spring 2011.[61] The road will run from Northwick road to Haven road, will add a new entrance to Charfleet Industrial Estate and remain navigable in the case of flooding. Locally, the extension has become known as 'The Road to Nowhere' and has not gained public support.[62] The road was finally completed in December 2011.
Since the late 1970s, residents and local politicians have campaigned for the construction of a third access route (or "Third road") to ease the island's congestion at rush hour and as a viable means of evacuation from flooding or industrial accidents at the petrochemical facilities.[63][64] As of 2008, the congestion and failure to secure the construction of such a route or significant improvements has had the island at "breaking point" and on the verge of "civil unrest".[65] Plans for the third access route have included a tunnel to Kent,[66] and road bridges to places such as Leigh-on-Sea and Coryton.[67] Opposition to the route cite the enormous cost, the environmental damage, and the increase of vehicles to districts with already overburdened traffic systems.[66]
Furtherwick Park School is for 11-16 year olds and was located in the town centre and is a specialist media arts school. Unfortunately Furtherwick Park School closed in 2011 to make way for a brand new BSF program to moved Castle View School on to the site. Sadly the last remaining 70 students in their final year of secondary study they are being educated on a building site. The second school is a specialist arts school named after Cornelius Vermuyden which is located near Waterside Farm. The third school, Castle View School, is a comprehensive school for ages 11–16 located in the north of Canvey Island overlooked by Hadleigh Castle.
Ebenezer Joseph Mather, the founder of Royal National Mission to Deep Sea Fishermen spent his retirement on the island. He died 23 December 1927 and was buried in the grounds of the local St Nicholas church.[68] (Note here, Ebenezer was buried in the grounds of The Parish Church - at the time this was St Katherine’s Church. The grounds for St Nicolas had not been acquired.)
Clara James one of the founding members in 1889 of The Women's Trade Union Association (WTUA) established a holiday home on the island and served from 1925 as a parish councillor. She died on Canvey in 1956.[69]
Roland and Francis Prout; the pioneers of the modern catamaran, were born and lived on the island and developed and operated the Prout Catamaran business from the boat yards at Leigh Beck. The brothers also represented Britain at the flatwater canoeing event at the 1952 Olympics.[70]
Ashley George Old the war artist lived on Canvey from the mid 1960s until his death in 2001.
Dean Macey the Olympic decathlete was born and raised on the island, as was;
Robert Denmark the Olympic and Commonwealth (Gold) 5,000 metres athlete.
Peter Taylor the temporary manager of the England football team in 2000 was born on Canvey. Other footballers from the island include
Frank Saul: FA Cup winner in 1967 with Tottenham Hotspur F.C.; Ty Gooden: who played between 1992-2005 for teams such as Arsenal and Swindon Town F.C.; and Dean Marney: an England U21 currently playing at Hull City.
Reece Durrance the U18s England Rugby Union and Saracens player was also born on the island.
Tam Khan Mixed martial arts fighter was born in London but was raised in Canvey Island.
Wilko Johnson a respected guitarist best known for work with influential 1970's rhythm and blues group Dr. Feelgood
Joshua Hayward physicist-guitarist of The Horrors grew up in the Thames area of Canvey Island before relocating to Southend-on-Sea for educational purposes.[71]
Canvey Island has two senior semi-professional football teams in Canvey Island F.C. (the Gulls) and Concord Rangers F.C. Founded in 1926, Canvey FC has achieved considerable success and disappointment in recent years from winning the FA Trophy in 2000-01 and the promotion to the Football Conference in 2004-05, to resignation the following year, and subsequent re-entry into the Isthmian League First Division North.
Amateur participation in sport is popular on the island, with sports such as rugby union, cricket, and martial arts represented by clubs and corresponding facilities. The Castle Point Golf Course is situated on Canvey, and the Waterside Farm Sports Centre provides members of Castle Point district with access to a swimming pool, an athletics track, general purpose sports halls, and a full size artificial surface football pitch. Also home to Canvey Island Swimming Club providing coaching for children ages 4 and upwards from beginners to competitive swimming through to National standard.
Water sports are also popular recreational pursuits. Canvey has two sailing clubs in The Island Yacht Club and the Chapman Sands Sailing Club, with Benfleet Yacht Club and slipway also situated on the island at Benfleet Creek in the north. A region between Thorney bay and Labworth beach is designated by the Port of London Authority as an approved windsurfing area.[72] Canvey Island also has a very successful swimming club, Canvey Island Swimming Club which includes Team GB swimmer, 16 years old Sophie Drake.
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| Next island upstream | River Thames | Next island downstream |
| Lower Horse Island | Canvey Island | Two Tree Island |